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A growing body of research has documented the utility of magnetic resonance imaging technologies to support in vivo examination of brain organization and function in the nonhuman primate. Recent efforts have not only demonstrated the ability to recapitulate the findings of postmortem examinations, but also to provide novel insights into the organizational principles of nonhuman primate connectome and the functional interactions within it. These gains could only be made through in vivo studies. These advances are timely given the growing prominence of translational and comparative neuroscience studies in large-scale national and international initiatives focused on advancing our understanding of human brain function and ability to generate novel therapeutics for neurology and psychiatry.

Despite demonstrable feasibility and utility, the field of nonhuman primate imaging is only its infancy. Numerous challenges related to the acquisition and processing are still in the process of being worked out, and the bounds of what can be accomplished are only beginning to be explored. In this regard, the overarching goal of PRIMatE Data Exchange (PRIME-DE) is to create an open science resource for the neuroimaging community that will facilitate the mapping of the non-human primate connectome. To accomplish this, we will aggregate a combination of functional, diffusion and morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets across laboratories around the world, and share the data with the larger scientific community.

The various webpages on the present site are intended to be informative regarding the PRIMatE Data Exchange (PRIME-DE). However, prior to data usage, we strongly recommend that you download and read the PRIMatE Data Exchange Data Descriptor.

Credits

Directors
Daniel Margulies¹, Michael Milham^2,3, Charlie Schroeder^3,4, Christopher I. Petkov⁵, Sabine Kastner⁶
Project Management
Michael Milham^2,3
Data organization
Lei Ai²,Lei Cao², Bonhwang Koo², Ting Xu^2,3, Alexandre Franco ^2,3
Logo
Stacey Ascher²

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation at the Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, United States of America
Departments of Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, the United States of America
Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, the United States of America

Funding

Primary support for the work by Michael P. Milham and the INDI team was provided by gifts from Joseph P. Healy to the Child Mind Institute, as well as by the BRAIN Initiative (R01MH111439). MPM is a Randolph Cowen and Phyllis Green Scholar.

Primary support for the work by Charles Schroeder is provided by the BRAIN Initiative (R01MH111439) and the Sylvio O. Conte Center “Neurobiology and Dynamics of Active Sensing” (P50MH109429).

Primary support for the work by Daniel Margulies is provided by the Max Planck Society.

Data Collections

	Aix-Marseille Université	California Institute of Technology	East China Normal University - Chen	East China Normal University - Kwok	Georgetown University	Institute of Neuroscience	Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod	Lyon Neuroscience Research Center	McGill University	Mount Sinai School of Medicine	Mount Sinai School of Medicine	Nathan Kline Institute	National Institute of Mental Health	National Institute of Mental Health	Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience	NeuroSpin	Newcastle University	Oregon Health and Science University	Princeton University	Rockefeller University	Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute	University of California, Davis	University of Minnesota	University of Oxford	University of Oxford (PM)	NIN Primate Brain Bank/Utrecht University	University of Western Ontario	University of Wisconsin–Madison
Investigators	Brochier Sein	Rajimehr Tsao	Chen	Kwok Zhou	Archakov DeWitt Kuśmierek Ortiz-Rios VanMeter Sams Jääskeläinen Rauschecker	Wang	Ben Hamed Hiba	Hadj-Bouziane Meunier Guedj	Mok Rudko Shmuel	Croxson Fleysher	Croxson Fleysher Froudist-Walsh Damatac Nagy	Schroeder Milham	Leopold Russ	Messinger Jung Seidlitz Ungerleider	Klink Roelfsema	Jarraya Dehaene	Petkov Nacef Thiele Poirier Balezeau Griffiths Schmid Rios	Sullivan Fair	Kastner Pinsk	Schwiedrzik Freiwald Zarco	Procyk Wilson Amiez	Baxter Croxson Morrison	Yacoub Harel	Sallet Mars Rushworth	Mars Sallet	Navarrete Blezer Todorov Lindenfors Laland Reader	Everling Menon	Kalin Fox Oler Brin Tromp Alexander
Species	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis	Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis	Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta	See site page	Macaca mulatta	Macaca mulatta
Subjects	4	2	10	4	2	8	8	4	3	8	5	2	3	3	2	3	14	2	2	6	22	19	2	20	6	51	12	592
Scanner	Siemens Prisma 3T	Siemens TIM Trio 3T	Siemens TIM Trio 3T	Siemens TIM Trio 3T		Siemens TIM Trio 3T	Siemens Sonata 1.5T Siemens Prisma 3T	Siemens Sonata 1.5T Siemens Prisma 3T	Siemens TIM Trio 3T	Philips Achieva 3T	Siemens Skyra 3T	Siemens TIM Trio 3T	Bruker BioSpec Vertical 4.7T	Bruker Biospec Vertical 4.7T	Philips Ingenia 3T	Siemens TIM Trio Siemens Prisma Fit	Bruker Vertical 4.7T	Siemens Tim Trio 3T	Siemens Prisma VE11C 3T	Siemens Tim Trio 3T	Siemens Sonata 1.5T Siemens Prisma 3T	Siemens Skyra 3T	Siemens Syngo B17 7T	[Undisclosed] 3T	Agilent 7T	Varian small-bore 9.4T Siemens Magnetom Trio 3T	Siemens Magnetom 7T	GE DISCOVERY_MR750 3.0T GE Signa EXCITE 3.0T
State	Anesthetized	Awake	Anesthetized	Anesthetized	Anesthetized	Anesthetized	Anesthetized/Awake	Awake	Anesthetized	Anesthetized	Anesthetized	Anesthetized/Awake	Awake	Anesthetized/Awake	Anesthetized	Anesthetized	Anesthetized/Awake	Anesthetized	Anesthetized	Anesthetized	Anesthetized	Anesthetized	Anesthetized	Anesthetized	Post-mortem	Post-mortem	Anesthetized	Anesthetized
Structural T1	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔	✔
Structural T2	✔			✔				✔	✔	✔	✔		✔		✔		✔	✔	✔		✔	✔					✔
Resting State fMRI				8 min		20-40 min	✔	✔		43 min		76-155 min	30-150 min	10-15 min	9.7 min	✔	21.6 min	480 min	60 min	80 min	✔	13.5 min	27 min	53.43 min			60 min	16 min
Naturalistic Viewing fMRI		96 min										55-345 min	170 min
Task fMRI					✔		✔
Fieldmap						✔				✔								✔	✔	✔		✔	✔					✔
Diffusion MRI	✔			✔						✔	✔					✔			✔			✔	✔		✔			✔
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy				✔
Processed Data					✔									Cortical Thickness
Template Provided														✔
Usage Agreement	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	DUA	DUA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA (See page for additional details)	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA	CC-BY-NC-SA

Collection Details

PRIMatE RESOURCE EXCHANGE

Quality Assurance Protocol

Consistent with recent major FCP/INDI data releases, we made use of the Preprocessed Connectome Project Quality Assurance Protocol (QAP; Shehzad et al., 2013) to assess data quality for core MRI data modalities (i.e., functional MRI, morphometry MRI and diffusion MRI). More information about the quality control process used for HBN MRI data can be found at the PCP Quality Assurance Protocol webpage.

Usage Agreement

Data usage policies differ among the data collections to PRIME depending on the specific institutional and collaborative requirements identified by their contributions. For each collection, the contributor has set the sharing permissions for their data using one or more the following four policies. Usage policies are specified in the Data Collections Summary Table as well as on the individual webpages for the varying collections.

Creative Commons – Attribution-NonCommercial Share Alike (CC-BY-NC-SA)
Standard INDI data sharing policy. Prohibits use of the data for commercial purposes.
Creative Commons – Attribution (CC-BY)
Least restrictive data sharing policy.
Custom Data Usage Agreement (DUA)
Users must complete a data usage agreement (DUA) prior to gaining access to the data. Contributors can customize the agreement as they see fit, including determining whether or not signatures from authorized institutional official are required prior to executing the DUA.